Object-oriented programming (OOPs)-python

 OOPs Concepts:

              An object-oriented programming is to design the program using classes and objects.
    The object is related to real-word entities such as book, house, pencil, etc.
    OOPs concept code writing is reusable code

Principles of OOPs:

              Class

      Object

      Method

      Inheritance

      Polymorphism

      Data Abstraction

      Encapsulation

Class:

        Class can be define as collection of object.

The class have some specific attributes and methods.

  For example: If you have school class, The it must contain an attribute and method 

   i.e an student name,roll num,email id,age, DOB

Example: 

                class className:

                <statement -1>

                               . .

                       . .

                <statement -N>

Object :

           The object is an entity that has state and behaviour.

   Everything in Python is an object,

   Almost everything has attributes and methods.

   All functions have a built-in attribute we define docstring it is source.

Example:

            

    class school:

def __init__(self,name,age):

   self.schname = name

   self.studage = age

def display(self)

   print(self.schname,studage)

     cl = school("good",20)

     cl.display()

Method :

            Method is similar to function 

    The method is accessible to data that is contained within the class.

Example:

            class className:

def method_name():

  ..........

def method_name():

  ...........

          Method_body

          ...........

Inheritance :

          

         Inheritance is the most important aspect of object-oriented programming
 It provides the re-usability of the code.
Parent class :It is base class
child class :another class and also called child class

Example:

            class India(): 

    def capital(self): 

        print("New Delhi is the capital of India.") 

  

    def language(self): 

        print("Hindi is the most widely spoken language of India.") 

  

    def type(self): 

        print("India is a developing country.") 

  

class USA(): 

    def capital(self): 

        print("Washington, D.C. is the capital of USA.") 

  

    def language(self): 

        print("English is the primary language of USA.") 

  

    def type(self): 

        print("USA is a developed country.") 

obj_ind = India() 

obj_usa = USA() 

for country in (obj_ind, obj_usa): 

    country.capital() 

    country.language() 

    country.type() 

                                By this example we have two different class the we create for loop oof object the call the method.

Encapsulation:

                   

            Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming.

    Encapsulation easy and also to secure the data.

Example:

     

class Person:

    def __init__(self, name, age=0):

        self.name = name

        self.age = age

 

    def display(self):

        print(self.name)

        print(self.age)

 

person = Person('Dev', 30)

person.display()

print(person.name)

print(person.age)

                    we will use different method to control of variable.

Data Abstraction:

                Abstraction focuses on hiding the internal implementations of a process or method from the user.

                An Object Oriented Programming, Inheritance, Polymorphism and Encapsulation go hand in hand. But Abstraction is also an essential element of OOP.

Example:

            from abc import ABC, abstractmethod 

class Animal(ABC): 

  

    def move(self): 

        pass

  

class Human(Animal): 

  

    def move(self): 

        print("I can walk and run") 

  

class Snake(Animal): 

  

    def move(self): 

        print("I can crawl") 

  

class Dog(Animal): 

  

    def move(self): 

        print("I can bark") 

  

class Lion(Animal): 

  

    def move(self): 

        print("I can roar") 

          

R = Human() 

R.move() 

  

K = Snake() 

K.move() 

  

R = Dog() 

R.move() 

  

K = Lion() 

K.move()